Germany has a strong car culture and a well-developed road network. Especially outside cities, where public transport is often less frequent, most people rely on a car. For international professionals living in rural areas in particular, having their own vehicle can quickly become a practical necessity.

Driving license and authorization

Those coming from an EU or EEA country (a country that is part of the European Economic Area) may use their home driving license in Germany without any time limit. People from non-EU countries may generally use their foreign driving license for only six months after registering their address in Germany. After that, a German driving license is required, which typically involves passing new tests. The practical driving test in Germany is considered demanding, and it is not uncommon to need more than one attempt. Depending on the country of origin, some or all of the tests may be waived. The conversion must be applied for at the local "Straßenverkehrsamt" (a road traffic office). Processing times can take several weeks depending on the authority, so it is advisable to take care of this as early as possible.

Buying or renting a car

Those looking to buy a car can choose between a new car from a dealership or a used car, either from a dealer or a private seller. When buying, it is worth checking the HU sticker ("Hauptuntersuchung" – a mandatory vehicle inspection), which shows when the vehicle was last inspected. The Hauptuntersuchung is required by law every two years in Germany and can be carried out by approved inspection organizations such as TÜV or DEKRA. Since any defects identified during the inspection must be repaired, it is advisable to check the date of the last inspection when buying a vehicle. Buying a car that has recently passed its inspection helps avoid short-term repair costs. This system is new to many international professionals, so it is worth getting familiar with it before making a purchase. Vehicles can be bought on the following platforms:

• Mobile.de
• AutoScout24

Alternatively, short and long-term rental options are available from major providers:

• Sixt
• Hertz
• Europcar

Many cities also have regional car-sharing services.

Registration and insurance

Anyone owning a car in Germany must register it with the local road traffic office and will receive a valid license plate. This generally requires a national ID card or passport, the vehicle registration document and logbook, and proof of motor vehicle insurance. Third-party motor vehicle liability insurance is required by law and covers damage caused to others. Partial and fully comprehensive insurance are also available, covering damage to the policyholder's own vehicle in the event of an accident.

In addition to insurance, an annual vehicle tax applies to every registered vehicle. For an average car this currently amounts to around 100 euros per year, though it can vary considerably depending on the type of vehicle and CO₂ emissions.

Traffic rules and key points

Germany drives on the right. The speed limit in built-up areas is 50  km/h and on rural roads 100  km/h. There is no general speed limit on motorways, but a recommended speed of 130  km/h applies. Drunk-driving is strictly penalized. The legal limit is 0.5 per mille. Using a mobile phone while driving is also prohibited and is punishable by a fine and an entry in the driving aptitude register.

Every vehicle in Germany is also legally required to carry a first aid kit and a high-visibility vest. Further information on mandatory equipment requirements can be found at the ADAC (Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club) or on the website of the federal motor transport authority (Kraftfahrtbundesamt).
Tires for winter are also an important consideration: when road conditions are covered in snow, ice, or frost, vehicles must be fitted with appropriate tires. Many city centers also have environmental zones that only vehicles with a green environmental badge may enter.

Fuel and costs

Fuel is available at numerous filling stations. Prices vary by region and time of day. At many stations, prices tend to be lower in the evening. Alongside petrol and diesel, the network of electric charging points is steadily growing, making electric vehicles increasingly practical for everyday use in Germany. Charging stations can now be found at many public locations such as car parks, shopping centers, and motorway service areas.

Parking

Parking in cities can be challenging and expensive. Many areas are subject to parking fees or are accessible only to residents with a parking permit. Short-stay parking zones often require a parking disc showing the time of arrival, available at most automotive accessory shops. Multi-story car parks and underground garages offer secure alternatives, usually charged by the hour or day. Parking without a valid ticket or parking incorrectly can result in fines or the vehicle being towed.

Useful apps

There are several helpful apps for getting around on German roads. Google Maps provides reliable navigation with real-time traffic information. There are also apps for comparing fuel prices at nearby filling stations, as well as apps that help with parking in the city, for example by showing available spaces or offering a direct payment function.